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In 2001 the solution of ecological problems of
the region was carried out on the basis of the Program of social and economic
development of the Donetsk region for the year 2001 according to its section
„Protection of environment and guaranteeing ecological safety“.
The Program stipulated holding 331 events of
10 trends for the year 2001, for the total sum of 194,3 million grivnas.
According to the data of the State Board of Ecology and Natural Resources in
the Donetsk Region 46 actions have been realized and 143 ones for the total sum
of 128 million grivnas, which equals to 65,9% of the planned volume, are on
the stage of realization.
The most sufficient contribution to
realization of nature-protecting actions was made by the Avdeevka and Donetsk
coke and chemical plants. The first starting complex of the polygon of
domestic wastes was put into operation in Svitlodarsk and Ilovaisk. The
construction of the nature-protecting objects in Mariupol, Kramatorsk,
Slavyansk, Gorlivka, Krasnoarmeisk districts and at the Zuevsky thermoelectric
power station was finished.
At the present moment there is a complex of
operating programs in the Donetsk region, which more or less aim at solving
ecological problems of the region. These programs are: „The program of
protection of environment and guaranteeing ecological safety during the period
from 2001 till 2005“, „The program of social and economic development
of the Donetsk region in the year 2002“, etc. The important role is
allotted to „The program of scientific and technological progress of the
Donetsk region up to the year 2020“
At the scientific and practical conference
„Donbass-2020: environment protection and ecological safety“ having
been held in November 2001 the most urgent problems and the ways of their
solution were regarded. The decisions of the conference became the basis of the
long-term program of activities, being aimed at improving the state of
environment on the principle of permanent development of the Donetsk region,
i.e. the unity of economic, social, ecological trends of development.
It was the Donetsk region, where the
initiative of B.E. Paton, the President of National Academy of Science of
Ukraine, and of the Regional State Administration was born on creation of
technical park „Preservation of environment and stable development of
Donbass“. „Stirol“ was the first enterprise in Ukraine, which
has introduced standards of ecological management in its practice.
In 2001 the measures were taken on improvement
of economic tools of nature usage. The tax administration, the Regional
Financial Board, Controlling and Auditing Board, the regional Public
Prosecutor's Department all together held the activities on improvement of
financing of nature-protecting events and controlling the goal-oriented usage
of funding.
Last year the financing coming into the State
Fund increased 2,5 times in comparison with the year 2000, which equals to
18,5 million grivnas, and the regional fund grew 3,7 times, which is
25 million grivnas; the fund of cities and districts grew 1,4 times
(9,0 million grivnas).
Today the approach to allocating financing
from the State and regional funds is different in principle. First of all, it
is partial participation in the projects being of priority for the region.
The most urgent problems in our region appear
those ones being connected with air and water pollution, closing up mines and
dealing with wastes.
Pollution of air basin is one of the most
urgent ecological problems of the region. According to the Regional Statistic
Board data, in 2001 1303 enterprises practiced throwing harmful substances
into the atmosphere. During the year their permanent sources of pollution have
thrown 1588,7 thousand tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which
quantity is only 0,1 % less than they did the previous year. Among those
harmful substances gaseous and liquid ones prevail, their quantity in the total
structure equals to 83,2%. 1329 thousand tons of harmful substances have been
thrown out into the air without purification, which equal to 24,3 % out of
total quantity and 83,6 % out of general volume of the thrown substances.
As before, the main part of harmful substances
comes to the environment from coal-mining industry, electric energetic,
metallurgical industry. That is why the most polluted air appears to be in the
cities, where a number of enterprises of these branches of industry are
situated, namely, in Mariupol, Donetsk, Debaltsevo, Makiivka, Enakiivo,
Khartsyzsk, in Mariinka and Starobeshevo districts.
Throwing out harmful substances from permanent
sources per an inhabitant of the region equals to 326 kg. In many industrial
cities and rural districts this level per an inhabitant exceeds the average
regional one many times.
Water provision from local natural river flow
per an inhabitant of the region is 5 times less than the average data in the
entire Ukraine.
According to the data of the State Board of
Ecology and Natural Resources in Donetsk region, during the last 5 years
regional water employment grew 17% less, and throwing down of sewage into
surface water objects was 10% reduced.
The worst data about the quality of rivers'
water are observed in Selidovo, Dobropillya, Mariupol, Kostyantynivka,
Gorlivka, Enakiivo, and in Donetsk and Makiivka industrial regions.
In the sphere of ecological control of usage
and protection of depths in the year 2001 the State Board cooperated with the
Donetsk State Inspection Board of Depths Protection and Geological and Mine
Survey Supervision, the Donetsk Regional Board of Land Resources, and the
Donetsk Territorial Inspection of State Geological Control. These organizations
together have been holding inspection of enterprises, which practiced
extraction of deposits of minerals. These inspections paid special attention to
the adhering to the nature-protecting Laws in the process of closing
coal-mining enterprises. The results of complex checking of the State Company
„Ukrvuglerestructuryzatsiya“, having been held due to the plan,
confirmed by the deputy Prosecutor of the Donetsk region, were regarded by the
interdepartment sitting of the regional prosecutor's office. In the frameworkof
the scientific and practical conference „Donbass-2020: protection of
environment and ecological safety“ a round-table sitting was held, which
touched upon ecological problems of coal mines' liquidation.
Inspection of usage and protection of land
resources was practiced by the State Board of Land Resources. Their common
sitting in 2001 regarded the problems mentioned above. The decisions being
worked out during this sitting were aimed at developing a strategy of
cooperation of the state control organs checking the implementation of the
Land Law.
In November 2001 the State Board Collegium was
held on the problem of wastes. The territory being covered with wastes
approaches to 1% of the regional territory.
The Donetsk region produces about 30% of
harmful wastes of the entire country's production of them, and volumes of
utilization of wastes are very low. The problem of what-is-to-be-done-with
everyday-wastes is one of the most urgent in the region. The thing is that, in
comparison to the norms of storing and taking into consideration the quantity
of region's inhabitants, about 6 million cub. meters of wastes arise in the
region every year.
Industrial wastes having been stored in the
region produce multifactor influence on all the resources of environment, i.e.
on land, water, air, woods and natural bioecosystems. Practically all producers
of wastes would not guarantee ecological safety; the majority of them have
exhausted their planned capacity.
A positive impulse to solving the problem of
dealing with wastes was given by creation of the Regional Center of dealing
with dangerous wastes and realization of measures of „The Program of usage
of industrial and every-day wastes in Donetsk region for the period till the
year 2005“, which program was confirmed by the Regional Council on March
24, 2000.
Informing the inhabitants of the region on
ecological problems of their region and on the strategy of the state ecological
policy aiming at their solution is considered to be one of the priority trends
of the activities of the State Board of Ecology and Natural Resources of the
Donetsk Region.
Sources of Mass Information (SMI) play the
decisive role in the process of informing. Say, in 2001 over 150 publications
prepared on the basis of the materials of the professionals of the State
Board, have been presented in the regional newspapers „Vecherniy Donetsk“,
„Zhizn“, „Donbass“, „Donetskiye Novosty“,
„Akcent“, „Negotsiant“, etc. More than 100 broadcasts and
announcements were done by the regional radio „Region“ and by
FM-channels. The TV-channels „Inter“, „Region“ and
„Ukraine“ presented over 90 telecasts. The Donetsk TV and Radio
Company „Region“ regularly suggests its audience to listen to the
ecological telecast „The environment“.
With the support of the State Board, the
Donetsk regional united ecological newspaper „Nash Kraiy“ is
regularly published.
Beginning from 1998, the State Board annually
publishes the ecological collection „The Land of our Concern“,
according to the materials of national report on the state of the Donetsk
region's environment.
In December 2001, the Ecological Information
Center was opened. The main goal of the Center is to render the access to
ecological information to the public, i.e. to that information, which exists in
the State Board's data base, in the very Center or in data bases of other
sources of information accessible through the Internet.
In 2001 the State Board went on realizing two
Ukrainian and British projects: „Strengthening the system of
administration of national parks of Ukraine“ and „Raising ecological
consciousness of the citizens of the city of Donetsk“, the so called
„Wind-Rose Project“. The project „Ecological Initiative of
Mariupol“ was under realization in Mariupol.
Besides, the realization of the project
„Installation of the equipment for sewage purification and introduction of
new methods of taking and analyzing the samples in Donetsk region“ was
started in cooperation with the Netherlands partners. In 2001 the preparation for
the TASIS project on processing wastes was begun too.
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